There are numerous reasons to consider planting a crabapple tree. Their ability to help pollinate other fruit trees, the tasty fruit, and their beautiful blooms make them a great asset for your yard or orchard.
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- Crabapples in an edible landscape
- Why you should plant crab apples for the bees
- Crabapples as pollinators
- Why crabapple trees are a good small space option
- The difference between ornamental and edible crabapples
- Choosing the best crabapple for fruit
- Are crabapples poisonous?
- When are crabapples ripe?
- Do crab apples grow quickly?
- How long before I’ll have a harvest?
- Recipes to use your crabapple harvest
What is a crabapple?
These fruit trees are related to the standard orchard apple that you’re familiar with, though the fruit isn’t as large (or pretty). These fruits are great for cooking with; use them as you would any other apple variety.
Consider planting a crab apple tree
When people look for fruit trees for a small garden, they think of the standard grocery store fruit: Gala apples, Italian Prune plums, freestone Peaches, and a few other familiar fruit.
Here are five reasons crab apples should be in your garden plans. (And yes, there is no consensus on how to spell crabapple.)
1. Crabapples are decorative
My crabapple trees are the first trees to blossom in my garden. They blossom longer than any of my other fruit trees. This gives me a full 3 to 4 weeks of flowering, at a time when the rest of my garden is just beginning to wake up.
In late summer the red and yellow blushed fruit hangs in bundles from the branches, stunning against the August greenness of the rest of the garden. The leaves hang on till the first killing frost and then change color quickly for a stunning display of gold and yellow.
2. They are early bee food
In spring my crabapple trees are abuzz with bumblebees and mason bees. The blossoms of these trees are a banquet for both native pollinators and honey bees. Since the flowering season for crabapples is earlier and longer, it gives those stressed pollinators a reliable food source before berries and other fruit start to leaf out.
[And be sure to consider these 10 perennials to attract bees.]
3. Crab apple trees pollinate other apple varieties
Apple trees require a pollinator of another compatible apple variety to set fruit. Pollen from a crabapple tree will pollinate most apple trees provided that they blossom at the same time.
Crab apples are so effective at pollinating other apple varieties that old time orchardists would take branches of crab apples in bloom and put them in a bucket of water in the middle of their apple orchards. The bees would visit the crabapple blossoms and then visit the apple blossoms as they opened on the apple trees, improving the fruit set.
When you are planting apple trees in a new garden, plant a crabapple within 50 feet of your other apple trees to ensure good pollination.
4. They don’t take up much space
Crabapples can be huge, sprawling trees, or small garden trees depending on the rootstock chosen. When you are considering one for your small garden, look for one grafted onto dwarf rootstock. Crabapples on dwarf rootstock don’t take up much space.
Although these can still grow up to 12 feet tall, they can be easily managed in a small garden, with judicious pruning.
5. Crab apples are edible and dependable
Can you eat crabapples? Absolutely! They’re perfectly edible.
In commercial production of apples the crabapple is used merely as a pollinator. Often, these trees are bred only for their blossoms. (You may have noticed that it’s hard to find them at your local farmer’s market.)
The difference between an ornamental and an edible crabapple is the size of the fruit. Edible varieties have fruit that are about two-inches in diameter, whereas ornamentals have tiny fruit or no fruit at all. Plant a variety with medium to large fruit to get the most from your tree.
Which variety should you plant?
My favorite for a small garden is the Dolgo variety. It is one of the earliest to blossom in the spring. The blossom buds on the Dolgo crabapple are deep pink and open to large, showy white flowers. The fruit is medium size — about two inches — with good flavor and a strong red color that is visible in the jelly, the pectin, or the canned fruit. As an early bloomer, it pollinates the early-fruiting, heritage apple trees that I have in my mountain garden.
I grow it because it is hardy to zone 3 and will produce fruit in my shorter growing season. It has good disease resistance to fire blight, scab, cedar rust, and mildew. You can plant crab apple trees whenever your soil can be worked. Container grown trees, or those sold as “balled and burlapped” can be planted spring, summer, or fall.
Bare root trees need to be planted in the early spring. [Click for more on planting bare root fruit trees.]
Related:
- Urban Fruit: Choosing Trees for Edible Landscaping
- Small Garden Ideas: Get the Most Bang for your Buck!
- Apple Pie Recipe Like Grandma Makes
Related: How to Grow a Pineapple
Frequently asked questions about crabapples
[Information added/updated on March 20, 2018 by Kris.]
Are crabapples poisonous?
No. All crab apples are edible. Some ornamental trees produce small fruit (others don’t produce fruit at all). These tiny fruits are not poisonous and are perfectly edible. However, ornamental crab apple trees have been bred for their beauty, not the flavor of their fruit. Fruit from ornamental crabapple trees can be somewhat bitter.
If you find an ornamental tree that produces tasty but small fruit, consider using the fruit in recipes that don’t require peeling or coring to save time, such as apple butter or apple jelly.
Ornamental crabapple trees that drop small fruit can be a good (free) source of food for your flock of chickens as well as food for wildlife. Plant one in their pen and you can enjoy the beauty of blossoms in the springtime and they can enjoy the fruit later.
When are crabapples ripe?
In the northern hemisphere, crab apples are generally ripe in the late summer or fall. Many trees have “persistent” fruit, meaning that even when they’re ripe they’ll remain hanging on the tree for a month or more.
Do crab apple trees grow fast?
It depends. Some crab apple trees grow faster than others. Ornamental varieties like Purple Prince (purple foliage) and Red Jewel are considered faster growing than others. Generally speaking, you can expect one of these trees to grow one-to-two feet per year.
How long does it take crabapple trees to produce fruit?
The climate and conditions in which your tree is growing will dictate how quickly it will fruit, but two-to-five years is a good range to plan on.
Crabapple recipes
These small crab apples are traditionally made into jelly, spiced preserves, and used to make pectin for jam. You don’t need added pectin when you make jams or jellies with crabapples. They have plenty of natural pectin all on their own.
Here are a few recipes to help you get started fully utilizing the harvest from your tree.
Preserves
- Spiced crab apples and honey cinnamon crabapples [Common Sense Homesteading]
- Pie filling [Preparedness Mama]
- Pickled crab apples [Luv 2 Garden]
- Spiced crab apples [100 Years Ago]
- Crabapple sauce [Food with Presence]
Jams & jellies
- Crabapple jelly [Learning and Yearning]
- Crabapple butter [The 104 Homestead]
- Hot pepper jelly (and cowboy candy fruit leather from the same batch) [Joybilee Farm]
- Crab apple jelly [Grow a Good Life]
Snacks & Sweets
- Fruit Leather [Joybilee Farm]
- Crab Apple Crisp [Thank Your Body]
- Crabapple bread [idlewife]
- Crab apple pie [Grazing the Ditches]
Crabapple drinks
- Liqueur [EKat’s Kitchen]
- Wine [Ben’s Adventure’s in Wine Making]
Fermented Foods: 50+ Recipes to Get You Started
Elisa
September 6, 2015 at 2:27 AMThank you for this article! We are moving into our first home at the end of September. It has a crabapple tree in the front yard which I was going to cut down. Having read this information, I’ve decided that this tree is a definite keeper! Thanks 🙂
Kris Bordessa
September 6, 2015 at 7:34 AMExcellent! Plus, it will help keep your air clean!
Tara
September 12, 2015 at 4:26 AMHi, I just read your article about crab apples and I loved my old tree at my old house with true crab apples for jelly. But now in my new home I have an ornamental and I have always wondered if the fruits can be used. Can I make jelly with them or anything else?
Kate
September 29, 2015 at 2:55 PMone more reason: for homemade pectin! Crab apples like all apples have lots of pectin so I boiled some and use the juice in making jelly from other low pectin fruit such as grapes and peaches rather than store bought pectin. You could use regular eating apples but I only have two small trees and treasure those for pies, crisps, Apple sauce, etc.
Kris Bordessa
October 5, 2015 at 8:16 AMOh, I’ve heard this but had completely forgotten. Thanks for the reminder.
Meredith
October 20, 2015 at 3:47 PMLove this – I had a crabapple tree in my front yard growing up and loved eating from it. You have inspired me to plant a crabapple tree in our yard. I think our bees will love it!
Kris Bordessa
November 4, 2015 at 11:12 AMI expect that you’re right about the bees.
Tamara
November 24, 2015 at 7:34 AMHow do you make pectin from the apples?
Cynthia
March 25, 2016 at 12:06 AMCould you tell me if ornamental flowering crabs are the same as crab apple trees used for pollinating your apple orchard.
Chris
March 25, 2016 at 8:41 AMMost crab apples can be used for pollination if they flower at the same time. There are a few ornamental crab apple varieties with sterile pollen. These are triploid varieties that produce little or no pollen. So a person buying new trees should check to see whether the trees they are purchasing have viable pollen if they want them for xpollination.
Mirjam
September 1, 2016 at 4:01 PMgreat info how does a crabapple tree work in an area where we have late and early frost about 2800 feet up in washington state also with llamas and milking goats as well as horses and a donkey and chickens and ducks oh did i mention the guinnes and lets not forget the cats and dogs so basicly a zoo and i like to be as self suficiant as i can
Lois Mark
September 18, 2016 at 3:00 AMSo, did I miss this…….? Do I need/have to plant duos for pollination or does one tree self pollinate? Obviously, I know nothing about fruit trees but am actively learning. Wanted to get my first few trees in the ground this Fall. I still haven’t several more weeks to figure it out. This year I’ll just be planting 4 FIGS in different places on the property and I’d like to plant at least 3 grapples but do I need to double that number so they will pollinate themselves?
Kris Bordessa
September 18, 2016 at 10:07 AM“Crabapple trees are self-fertile and will pollinate other apple trees.” –>> https://store.isons.com/fruit-trees/apples-crabapples
Lisa from Iroquois
October 8, 2016 at 1:17 PMIs your Dolgo a graft or grown true from seed? I love Dolgo and would like to add one to our tree collection. I forage them on the nearby university campus but no luck yet growing from seed.
Elizabeth
January 16, 2017 at 11:50 AMHi do sell the plants I live in orlando FL thank you for your reply
Kas Breslin
July 1, 2017 at 5:05 AMThank you, very interesting and informative. Can’t wait to try the recipes.
Ben Hardy
September 7, 2017 at 9:35 PMThank you for the link to my blog! I moved house a couple of years ago, leaving my beloved crab apple tree behind for the next guardian. However, I have planted a baby crab apple tree at the new place, and will be harvesting the first tiny batch in about a month’s time. Not enough to make wine this year – but probably enough for a few jars of jelly.
Rita
September 19, 2017 at 1:06 PMThere use to a crabapple tree near where I walked my dog. The fruit would fall in the vacant parking lot and get squished but plenty still to pick up…noticed all the nice ones were in the person’s yard. I could have reached in and got them but to me it would be stealing. So one day, I went up to their door and asked if I could gather the ones on the ground. They didn’t even know what they were. I explained and told them I would make jelly out of them and bring them some jelly as payment for allowing me to gather the fruit. True to my word a week later my dog and I went for the walk and stopped by the house and gave them 2 half pint jars of the jelly. Sadly the house went up for sale and the new owners took the tree out. But I got to educate and give a gift of food and I enjoy doing it.
Loretta
August 15, 2018 at 7:52 AMI just picked 2 small buckets of beautiful crabapples. I like the tart sweet taste of these particular fruits. I was also planning on making a bonsai of the cuttings that I took. Thank you for the article, now I am also going to plant the seeds in my lot for the pollinators. Hopefully I will be around to cultivate the larger trees for fruit & fauna.
Kris Bordessa
August 16, 2018 at 8:28 PMA bonsai crabapple — that’s great!
David Bowman
September 11, 2018 at 10:03 AMDear Kris:
Around 1975 my mother gave me a crab apple tree. It produce tart red fruit (both skin and flesh). The apples were approximately 1 1/ 2 inch in diameter. They made great tart crab apple jelly. I moved and the tree died. I regret not taking a cutting.
Can you tell me what variety of crab apple I had?
Sincerely,
David Bowman
[email protected]
Kris Bordessa
September 16, 2018 at 9:44 AMOh, it’s so hard to guess. I recommend trying to find someone who’s growing crabapples to find one that seems like it. Sorry I can’t help more!
Dayton (OH) Dave
April 7, 2019 at 3:36 AMWhat is the best time of year to prune these trees? The tree at the house we recently moved into is out of hand (18-20 ft tall and a 30 ft spread). I don’t want/need to top it, but would like to bring the spread down to 20-ish feet and let the more or less barren middle fill back in.
Kris Bordessa
April 7, 2019 at 2:46 PMYou usually prune apple trees of all kinds in the late winter when the trees are still dormant. That’s not to say you can’t prune later, though. (I’ve done it both ways.)
Anna B. Merchant
May 21, 2019 at 10:17 AMI have a crab apple tree with two types of blooms, it bloomed early this spring with beautiful blooms on the lower half of the trees. It is now blooming on the upper half of the tree, with completely different type of a bloom in cluster like blooms. What’s going on with this tree.
Kris Bordessa
May 23, 2019 at 3:47 PMIt’s possible that someone grafted a different variety onto the root stock.
Diane Whitehead
July 13, 2019 at 8:45 AMI have a crab apple tree in my front yard. Just moved here a year ago. The first spring the tree was covered with blooms and there were soooo many apples. But winter arrived and many apples stayed on the tree. it was great for the birds. Now this spring….. nothing not one bloom! What’s wrong with my tree?
Kris Bordessa
July 16, 2019 at 5:00 PMProbably nothing. Fruit trees tend to crop heavily one year, then lightly the next. One thing you can do is give it a good pruning, if you haven’t already.